为你定制 · PETS-1
PETS-1 语法速查
对齐 全国英语等级考试一级考试大纲(2015 版)附录三,共 13 大类。 句浪不单独开语法课——在此速查规则,再到句型/阅读课里练输出。
- 可数名词复数:一般加 -s;以 s/x/ch/sh 结尾加 -es;辅音+y 变 y 为 i 加 -es(city→cities)。
- 不规则复数:man→men, woman→women, child→children, foot→feet, tooth→teeth, mouse→mice。
- 不可数名词无复数形式:water, money, information, advice, homework 等。
- 名词所有格:有生命加 's(Tom's book);以 s 结尾可加 ' 或 's;无生命常用 of(the door of the room)。
- 时间、距离、价格等可用 's:today's newspaper, ten minutes' walk。
例句
- There are two children in the park.公园里有两个孩子。
- This is Mary's bag.这是 Mary 的包。
- I need some water.我需要一些水。
- a 用于辅音音素开头的可数单数;an 用于元音音素开头(an hour, a university)。
- the 表特指:双方已知、上文提过、独一无二(the sun)、序数词/最高级前。
- 零冠词:泛指的复数/不可数(I like apples);三餐、球类、学科、by+交通方式(by bus)。
- 固定搭配:in the morning, at night, go to school(表上学这一活动)。
例句
- I saw a cat. The cat was black.我看见一只猫。那只猫是黑的。
- She is an English teacher.她是一名英语老师。
- We go to school by bus.我们乘公交上学。
3代词
人称 · 物主 · 反身 · 指示 · 疑问
- 人称代词主格/宾格:I/me, he/him, she/her, they/them, we/us。
- 物主形容词/名词性物主代词:my/mine, your/yours, his/his, her/hers, our/ours, their/theirs。
- 反身代词:myself, yourself, himself, herself, itself, ourselves, themselves。
- 指示代词:this/that(单数),these/those(复数)。
- 疑问代词:who(人)、what(物/事)、which(哪一个)、whose(谁的)。
例句
- This is my book. It's mine.这是我的书。它是我的。
- Who is that girl?那个女孩是谁?
- Help yourself, please.请随便吃/用。
- 基数词:one, two, three… hundred, thousand;百/千前不加 and(英式口语可有)。
- 序数词:first, second, third, fourth…;日期读法 March 8th / the eighth of March。
- 分数:1/2 a half, 1/3 one third;时间:half past six, a quarter to eight。
- 年龄/编号:He is ten (years old). Room 305 reads room three o five。
例句
- Today is May 1st.今天是五月一日。
- It's half past seven.现在七点半。
- There are twenty students in our class.我们班有二十名学生。
- 时间:at 点/时刻(at 8:00);on 日期/星期(on Monday);in 月/年/季节/早午晚(in 2024, in the morning)。
- 地点:at 小地点/活动点;on 表面/楼层;in 较大空间/在里面。
- 方位:in front of, behind, next to, between A and B, near, under, over。
- 固定短语:look at, listen to, wait for, arrive in/at, be good at, be interested in。
例句
- We meet at the school gate on Friday.我们周五在校门口见。
- The cat is under the table.猫在桌子下面。
- She is good at English.她英语很好。
- 并列:and(和),or(或者/否则),both…and…,not only…but also…。
- 转折:but, however(副词,常带逗号)。
- 因果:because, so(不可连用 because…so… 在同一句中式写作里二选一更规范)。
- 选择/条件:either…or…, neither…nor…, if(如果)。
例句
- I like tea, but she likes coffee.我喜欢茶,但她喜欢咖啡。
- He didn't come because he was ill.他没来因为他病了。
- Hurry up, or you'll be late.快点,否则你会迟到。
- 作定语放名词前(a red apple);作表语放 be/感官动词后(The soup smells good)。
- 比较级:单音节加 -er;多音节前加 more;不规则 good→better, bad→worse, many/much→more。
- 最高级:加 -est 或 most;前常加 the(the biggest, the most interesting)。
- as…as… 同级比较;比较级 + than;最高级 + in/of 范围。
例句
- Tom is taller than Jim.Tom 比 Jim 高。
- This is the best day of my life.这是我生命中最美好的一天。
- She runs as fast as her brother.她跑得和她哥哥一样快。
- 方式副词多由形容词 + -ly(quick→quickly);不规则 well, fast, hard。
- 频率:always, usually, often, sometimes, seldom, never;常放 be 后、实义动词前。
- 程度:very, too, enough(old enough),so(so tired)。
- 位置:时间/地点副词可放句首或句末(Yesterday I went there. / I went there yesterday.)。
例句
- She speaks English very well.她英语说得很好。
- I usually get up at six.我通常六点起床。
- He runs too fast.他跑得太快了。
- 一般现在:主语非三单用原形,三单加 -s/es(He works every day)。
- 一般过去:规则 +ed;不规则需背(go→went, see→saw, have→had)。
- 一般将来:will + 原形 / be going to + 原形。
- 现在进行:am/is/are + doing(What are you doing?)。
- 现在完成:have/has + 过去分词(I have finished my homework)。
- 被动:be + 过去分词(English is spoken in many countries)。
- 不定式:to do 作宾语/目的(want to go, come to help);省略 to 的情态动词后(can swim)。
例句
- I will visit my grandma tomorrow.我明天去看望奶奶。
- They are playing football now.他们现在在踢球。
- The window was broken yesterday.窗户昨天被打破了。
- 陈述句:肯定/否定(He isn't at home.)。
- 一般疑问句:Be/Do/Does/Will 等提前(Are you ready?)。
- 特殊疑问句:Wh- 词 + 一般疑问句语序(Where do you live?)。
- 选择疑问句:A or B?(Do you want tea or coffee?)。
- 祈使句:动词原形开头;否定 Don't + 原形(Don't worry.)。
- 感叹句:What + 名词! / How + 形容词/副词!(What a nice day! How fast he runs!)。
例句
- Don't open the door.别开门。
- What beautiful flowers!多美的花啊!
- Do you like music or sports?你喜欢音乐还是运动?
- 主语:动作发出者或描述对象(We study English)。
- 谓语:动词或动词短语(She is reading)。
- 宾语:动作承受者,分动宾/介宾(I love music. / look at him)。
- 表语:说明主语特征,在系动词后(He is a student. / The food tastes good)。
- 定语:修饰名词(a tall boy, the book on the desk)。
- 状语:说明时间/地点/方式/原因等(He runs quickly in the park every morning)。
- 宾补:补充说明宾语(We call him Tom. / I found the book interesting)。
例句
- The boy in red is my friend.穿红衣服的男孩是我朋友。
- She made me happy.她让我很开心。
- They arrived early.他们到得很早。
- 主 + 谓:Birds fly. / Time flies.
- 主 + 谓 + 宾:I like English.
- 主 + 系 + 表:She is a nurse. / The milk smells fresh.
- 主 + 谓 + 间宾 + 直宾:He gave me a book. / He gave a book to me.
- 主 + 谓 + 宾 + 宾补:We keep the classroom clean.
- there be 存在句:There is a book on the desk. / There are many people here.
例句
- There is some milk in the fridge.冰箱里有牛奶。
- My mother bought me a new bike.妈妈给我买了辆新自行车。
- We found the story very interesting.我们觉得故事很有趣。
- 宾语从句:think/know/say/tell 等后接 that 从句(可省略 that);疑问词引导语序用陈述语序(Do you know where he lives?)。
- 时间状语从句:when, while, before, after, until, as soon as(When I got home, it rained)。
- 原因:because / since;结果:so…that…;目的:so that;条件:if / unless。
- 让步:although / though(不与 but 同句连用更规范)。
- PETS-1 阅读/完形常考:从句时态与主句一致、连接词辨析。
例句
- I think (that) he is right.我觉得他是对的。
- Can you tell me how I can get there?你能告诉我怎么去吗?
- If it rains tomorrow, we will stay at home.如果明天下雨,我们就待在家。
说明:本页为考试大纲要点摘要,非完整语法教材。听力、选择题、写作模板请配合标准教程与样卷练习。